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In his initial phase of scholarly life, Durkheim was deeply impressed by the significance of functional differentiation and the theory of social evolution. Moreover, he was influenced by the works of Herbert Spencer(1820-1903) and his study of organic analogy. “The Division of Labour in Society” (1893) was Durkheim’s first book in which he explained the forces that keep society intact. He claimed that there are two types of society characterized by ‘mechanical solidarity’ and ‘organic solidarity’. Mechanical solidarity is often present in primitive communities where there is an absence of economic advancement and status differentiation. Durkheim argued that functional differentiation is a prerequisite of society because it strengthens the sense of social solidarity and binds people together, each depending upon the functional services of all for the maintenance of social order.Īlso Read: Understanding our society through Durkheim’s Division of Labour AGIL model by Parsons Whereas, societies characterized with organic solidarity are economically specialized with extensive division of labor and status differentiation. Talcott Parson(1902-1979) was an American Sociologist who did tremendous theoretical work on structural functionalism and the theory of social action. Goal attainment: a social system needs to define and accomplish its goals.Īdaptation: a social system needs to adapt in accordance with the emerging demands of its environment.He described four functional imperatives that are necessary for the survival of every social system: According to Parsons, a function refers to a set of activities that fulfill the needs of society.Integration: regulation of interrelationships between all the components is essential.Latency: a social system needs to preserve and enhance the sense of motivation among the masses.
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Maintenance of social patterns contributes to the creation of this motivation.
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